{"id":6675,"date":"2015-01-21T14:56:37","date_gmt":"2015-01-21T07:56:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/transbordernews.in.th\/home\/?p=6675"},"modified":"2015-01-21T14:57:44","modified_gmt":"2015-01-21T07:57:44","slug":"future-of-mekong-river-depends-upon-public-consultation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/transbordernews.in.th\/home\/?p=6675","title":{"rendered":"FUTURE OF MEKONG RIVER DEPENDS UPON \u2018PUBLIC CONSULTATION\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Don-Khone-Fish-Gear-672x372\"<\/a>
\nThe deadline of the public consultation of the Laos controversial Don Sahong dam, is coming up soon this January 25, 2015. Lao government will finalize all the social and environmental concerns of the dam project. It is believed to officially push forward the dam construction.<\/p>\n

In the mid of overwhelming criticism and polarized standing-points among the lower Mekong river basin governments, communities, and environmental activists, the PNPCA deadline was proposed to be postponed for a better future of the Mekong River and her people. In accordingly, the Mekong River Commission (MRC) should seek for more consultations with all stakeholders, especially the local communities, whose livelihoods much rely on the river.<\/p>\n

The International environmental organization, the International Rivers has also launched an online petition calling on the governments of Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam \u201cto cancel the Don Sahong Dam and seek more sustainable energy options that ensure the future of the Mekong River\u2019s fish and her people,\u201d\u00a0(see\u00a0here<\/a>).<\/p>\n

 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

PNPCA is a rubber stamp<\/strong><\/p>\n

The first regional consultation meeting (PNPCA) of the Don Sahong dam was held by the Mekong River Commission (MRC) Secretariat in Pakse, Laos, in December 12. The meeting ended with disagreement on existing research reports, and many stakeholders required for further research and\u00a0transboundary\u00a0studies.<\/p>\n

The 260MW Don Sahong\u00a0hydropower\u00a0project (DSHPP), was heavily criticized by its flaws and untested findings of its environmental impact assessment (EIA) report and the conduct of PNPCA process, which its meetings have often excluded local affected communities.<\/p>\n

The scientists and researchers pointed out that the\u00a0Procedure of Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement (PNPCA) process is prevalently incompetent and inconsistent, i.e., the process is different in various Mekong countries.<\/p>\n

For instance, in Vietnam, the local NGOs held the pre-hearing meetings by themselves with no MRC officials involved. In Lao PDR and Cambodia, there is no such a public hearing at community level; while in Thailand, there were a several consultation meetings taken place at both local and national levels. More importantly, the local people in the four Mekong River basin countries have not yet been sufficiently informed about the dam project.<\/p>\n

Until now, even the MRC, the Government of Lao PDR (GoL), and the dam developer company, are not firmed on the PNPCA procedures and especially whom they\u00a0 should \u2018inform, consult, and seek for a consent.\u2019 The important question is whether the local people\u2019s opinions would be considered for the final Don Sahong construction decision of the\u00a0GoL\u00a0or not. For now and for the best, the deadline of the PNPCA process therefore should be postponed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The environmental activists agreed that the prior consultation meeting was likely to be no use and would only serve to justify the construction of the dam in Laos\u2019 Champasak province.\u00a0\u00a0Ame\u00a0Trandem, Southeast Asia\u00a0programme\u00a0director for International Rivers (IRs) told the\u00a0Bangkok Post\u00a0<\/em>that the Lao government has clearly stated they are proceeding to build the Don Sahong dam, in spite of the ongoing\u00a0prior\u00a0consultation process.\u00a0\u201cWith this attitude, it is difficult to see how the process can be anything more than a rubber stamp,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0she said.<\/p>\n

As we can see that\u00a0\u201cthe process will simply serve as a ritual or a rubber stamp for the dam,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0said Somkiat Khuenchiangsa, coordinator of the Thailand-based Chiang Kong Conservation Group and the Mekong-Lanna Network on Cultural and Natural Resources Conservation<\/p>\n

Under the 1995 Mekong agreement on \u2018sustainable development of the Mekong countries\u2019, any act in interrupting the flows of the Mekong river, is required intensive consultations and comprehensive studies.\u00a0Up to 60 million people in the Greater Mekong Subregion are depending on fish and free flowing waters of the Mekong to earning their livelihood\u00a0and economies.<\/a>\u00a0The postponing of PNPCA\u2019s deadline is meant for a better future of the Mekong River and her people.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Methodological flaws and untested studies<\/strong><\/p>\n

The DSHPP developer, the Mega First Corporation Berhad (MFCB), its technical team conducted a preliminary fish study back in 2007[1].\u00a0The survey area was around the Khone Falls, Hou\u00a0Sa Hong, Hou\u00a0Sa\u00a0Dam, and the surrounding area. However the survey was still limited within Laos border.<\/p>\n

Moreover, the MFCB\u2019s research methodologies were the uses of fishing-gear to catch the fish and then classifying fish species, and studying fish larvae in those channels. The fishing gears, traps and preserved fish, were displayed to visitors as part of the field-trip prior to the MRC\u2019s regional meeting on December 11, last year.<\/p>\n

During the field trip, MFCB staff tried to explain to all participants that their studies involved some new and scientific technologies, which they also engaged with local communities in conducting their studies about fishing and classifying the fish.<\/p>\n

Nevertheless, when it comes to the study of fish bypass channel, the dam developer seems not to acknowledge that their research findings conflicted with other studies. The Hou Sadam channel, where the MFCB claimed to be naturally used as a replacing channel for the Hou Sahong (which will be blocked by the Don Sahong dam) for fish migration.\u00a0The Hou Sadam channel is actually smaller in size and its flow is all year-round 5 times less fast than the flow in\u00a0Hou Sahong channel. Therefore, it is likely to be a case that the Hou Sadam channel is suitable for all kinds of fish to migrate, and will function as if the Hou Sahong channel.<\/p>\n

For the mitigation methods, beside the fish ladder, the MFCB technical team plans to put the wire-mesh in the inlet and outlet of turbine to make sure no fish will pass the turbine. However, no mention about the larvae, which will be damaged by pressure of turbine, the layer of larvae will break, they cannot mature and eventually die out.<\/p>\n

Robert Mather, South East Asia Head of\u00a0the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), told the\u00a0Voice of America<\/em>, there are serious questions about whether this evaluation process is worthwhile. He\u00a0said that there are three main issues as such the timing of the PNPCA process, the lack of clarity about really the limits of what the process is actually about and the lack of any real transboundary environmental impact assessment (EIA) discussions around.\u00a0\u201cThen I really don\u2019t think you can expect the process to really yield anything meaningful,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0he said.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Denial of transboundary impacts<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Don Sahong dam site is less than 2 km to the border with Cambodia and both countries are sharing the area as a tourism spot for watching Irrawaddy dolphin. According to the WWF report, there are many newborn Dolphin died young and that is as a result of the increasing toxic in the water. The pollution during the Don Sahong construction will be likely to impact those endangered mammal as well [2].<\/p>\n

In contrast, the MFCB officials said in the meeting that there will be no impact at all in terms of the hydrology (e.g., sedimentation, quality and quantity of the river flow, etc.) of the Khone Falls and to the Mekong River. The MFCB compared the amount of water storage in the Nouzhadou Dam (upper-stream dam in China) and the Lower Se San 2 Dam (Cambodian dam on a tributary of the Mekong River) to illustrate that there will be a very little amount of water flowing in to\u00a0the Don Sahong dam to be stored. They concluded that with a little amount of water, it is assumed that the Don Sahong dam will thus cause less impact in comparison to the other dams.<\/p>\n

The MFCB technical team continued with their presentation that the estimated out-river-flow from the Don Sahong dam will be about 1600m3<\/sup>\/s and the river-flow will remain\u00a0at the minimum speed flow at est. 800m3<\/sup>\/s in the dry season. However, the river flows upstream and downstream of Hau Sahong has not\u00a0sufficiently studied by the MFCB in comparison to the whole and complex-system channels in the\u00a0Siphandone area (Khone Falls). Including\u00a0if the dam built, the increased river-flows and water-velocity in other channels also have not been studied<\/a>\u00a0by the MFCB.<\/p>\n

If built, the dam will crucially strike to food security and the economies of Vietnam and Cambodia. According to the World Fish Center study[3], it mentioned that those are two countries with a large amount of inland fish consuming in the world. Inland fish is the main source of protein for millions of people in downstream Mekong.<\/p>\n

Fish is not only the main\u00a0source\u00a0of food for a whole family, but the riverine lifestyle sustains the gender relationship and activities in a family.\u00a0The big fish will be sold out in the market and the small ones are cooked at home. While men catch\u00a0fish, women sell those fish at a market.\u00a0If the MFCB\u2019s fish mitigation of the Don Sahong dam does not work, it would likely to break the chain of food supply to million of people and\u00a0threaten their riverine livelihood.<\/p>\n

The negative impacts due to the Don Sahong dam to the neighboring countries are inevitable. The dam will block the all year-round channel, specifically, the Hou Sahong is the only channel available for dry-season fish migration.\u00a0Leading to the demise of important fisheries, the source of food for Mekong people. Besides,\u00a0the dam will potentially cause an extinction of critically endangered Irrawaddy dolphins, which are also a big source of eco-tourism.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Unknown, uncertainty, and the ugly truth<\/strong><\/p>\n

A technical team member of the MFCB said \u201cwe don\u2019t know, and nobody knows,\u201d when the Cambodia National Mekong Commission representative raised a concern about transboundary impacts of the Don Sahong dam to the inland river hydrology in Cambodia and their people.<\/p>\n

The answer reflects an ugly truth that the transboundary impact is not in MFCB\u2019s prior acknowledgement or studying agenda. There is also no mechanism to make\u00a0the company hold the responsibility and accountability during and after the dam construction.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, even though the investor is MFCB, the builder is the Sinohydro, a Chinese state-owned hydropower engineering and construction company[4].\u00a0The Sinohydro is already undertaking preparatory work<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0the Don Sahong Dam site<\/a>\u00a0on behalf of Malaysian investor,\u00a0the Mega First Corporation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Accordingly, Mr. S\u00ednh, a Vice Director of Green ID asked the MFCB about the social impact \u201cfor an amount of 3,000 \u2013 4,000 laborers who will be settling around the construction site in Laos, within a period of 4 -5 years. Is there any study on the social impact?\u201d, but there was no reply from the MFCB representative.<\/p>\n

The week of\u00a0the first regional consultation,\u00a0activists boycotted a regional consultation on the Don Sahong dam<\/a>, just eight weeks after filing a formal request for an investigation of the\u00a0Mega First Corporation. Duong Pov, deputy governor of Cambodia\u2019s Stung Treng district, told the\u00a0Voice of America Cambodia<\/em>\u00a0that the people living along the Mekong River bordering Laos do not want the project to happen.\u00a0\u201cIf built, it will affect us. Once it exists, the solutions would be complicated,\u201d said the deputy governor.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

During the regional consultation, it was disappointing to experience that the voice of local people was\u00a0not recognized by the MRC, the GoL, and the MFCB. Besides, the release of the statement of the Save the Mekong Coalition and Vietnam River Network, no one knows about the public consultation procedure, what is next? and what is an actual purpose of public consultation?<\/p>\n

Even though the MFCB\u2019s fish studies involved local people in the fish collecting process, it is still not yet to be called a proper way of \u2018consultations.\u2019 Gary Lee, a representative from Oxfam and IUCN representative, those organizations asked MFCB for a proper and comprehensive research of the Don Sahong dam, for at least 10 years of studying and more studies on biodiversity impacts.<\/p>\n

Yet, a\u00a0cumulative impact has not been sufficiently studied. Nguyen Huu Thien, a Vietcnmese freelance researcher pointed out that\u00a0the Don Sahong dam\u2019s EIA report does not include the cascade impacts from the dams along the Mekong River<\/a>.\u00a0A further\u00a0eight dams are proposed in Laos<\/a>, including\u00a0the 1,285MW Xayaburidam is under construction, and many mega-dams have been already operated upstream in China.<\/p>\n

While Lao government is pursuing to be a so-called \u2018energy hub\u2019 for the Mekong Region, the act of \u2018river grabbing<\/a>\u2018 becomes even more prevalent, when the GoL\u2019s energy development is proceeding at the expense of the health of the Mekong river and the livelihoods of the people. Especially, when the dam developer\u00a0MFCB seems lacking of data and specific studies in both the\u00a0environment and social aspects of the dam site and\u00a0its surrounding area.<\/p>\n

This January 25 will be the end date of PNCPA process and the second regional consultation date has not been yet scheduled. It might be too soon for Laos and the MFCB to round-up the PNCPA process.\u00a0The deadline of PNPCA should be extended for conducting more studies for a better preparation in the second regional meeting. Also, the MRC should seek for more consultations with all stakeholders, especially the local communities whose livelihoods much rely on the river.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Notes<\/p>\n

[1] Don Sahong Power Company\u00a0http:\/\/dshpp.com\/reports<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] Factsheet_WWF Irrawaddy Dolphins\u00a0http:\/\/issuu.com\/tracy110\/docs\/irrawaddy_dolphin_final\/1<\/a><\/p>\n

[3] The World Fish Center study\u2019s report\u00a0http:\/\/www.worldfishcenter.org\/resource_centre\/WF-3709.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]\u00a0China\u2019s Global Dam Builder at a Crossroads\u00a0<\/a>www.internationalrivers.org\/blogs\/227\/china%E2%80%99s-global-dam-builder-at-a-crossroads<\/a><\/p>\n

About the authors:<\/a><\/p>\n

Hoang Duong is based in Vietnam and working as a freelance journalist with a focus on environmental and social impacts of development projects.<\/p>\n

Paw Siriluk Sriprasit is an independent journalist and media researcher. She\u2019s also a co-founder and a trainer at iMekong.org, a media advocacy network for environmental journalists and activists.<\/p>\n

Photo credit: Eric Miramon<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.imekong.org\/future-of-mekong-river-public-consultation\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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